April « 2010 « strokedogs.com

You will need to help them with their ears because they probably won’t be able to scratch for themselves for a while. Dog ear infection causes a lot of discomfort in dogs having it. The earlier it is diagnosed, the better. It has been noted that some dog breeds stand a higher chance of getting ear infections. This is because of the position and anatomy of the ear in those breeds. Usually the agents responsible are either bacteria of Fungi that affect the external ear canal. Depending on the fungi
or bacteria causing the infection, the veterinarian may suggest treatment accordingly.

1. Ear Drops

In most of the case, ear infection is usually treated with ear drops. But first of all it is important to use a sterile gauze to clean the dog’s ear. That will prevent the infection from
worsening.

You need to take note of this. Only use ear drops if the dog’s ear drum is intact. You will need a vet to check your dog’s ear to confirm whether or not it is safe to use ear drops.

In the multitude of ear drops available it is always prudent to seek the advice of a veterinarian before purchasing one. Always read the label carefully before applying the ear drop to
your dog.

2. Topical Ointments
There are cases where the ear canal is partially closed. If that is the case then you will need to use topical ointments. They contain antibiotics or ingredients that reduces inflammation of
the ear. After the ear gets opened you can now apply the ear drops.

3. Distilled Water
It has been noted that distilled water can also be added to ear drops or topical ointments; it is helpful in cleaning the ear canal.

4. Oral Medication
In case of a much more severe infection the Doctor may suggest that you use some oral medication. He may suggest the administration of oral fungicides or antibiotics depending on
whether the infection is caused by fungi or bacteria respectively.

Corticosteroids may also be employed to reduce the swelling.

5. Surgical Procedure
There are severe cases where the ear canal closes completely. If that happen anti inflammatory medication is advised to be use hoping that the ear will reopen so that ear drops can be applied.
Sometimes even anti inflammatory medication does not work. In that case the vet has no choice but to perform surgery.

If you do care about the health of your dog and would want to get more information about how to keep your dog healthy just click on any of the other sites.

A Dog Stroke has multiple causes with symptoms that range from behavioral change to difficulty moving. Diagnosis must be done by a veterinarian with treatment focused on the underlying cause of the stroke.”

Canine stroke symptoms include the following:

•Head tilt

•Turning the wrong way when called

•Eating out of one side of his food bowl

•Loss of balance

•Lethargy

•Blindness

•Loss of bladder and bowel control

•Can’t get up

•Convulsing

•Eyes fixed or rolled back

Luckily, dogs seem to recover from strokes more easily than humans.

YOU CAN help your dog get back to normal (and help yourself) by doing special things.

BUT, they will need extra care around the clock.

You can find all kind of items to help you with the care of your dog.

DON’T give up on your dog !

They DON’T have to be euthanized !

They can live many more  happy years, and give you so much more joy.

A Look At Dog Strokes

Strokes rarely occur in canines. They are brought on when blood flow to the brain is impaired. There are two types of strokes, namely hemorrhagic and schemic. Schemic strokes occur when blood flow is impeded for some reason. The hemorrhagic variety occur when a blood vessel breaks.

Causes

There are a variety of reasons why your dog can experience a stroke. Some occur because of severe trauma to the head, such as being hit by a car. This problem can also be caused by ingesting various toxins. Underlying medical conditions can also be to blame like Cushings disease in canines. Other common conditions include heart disease, diabetes, brain tumors, and dog kidney disease

Symptoms

Dogs experiencing a stroke display some of the same symptoms caused by other conditions. Constant circling, difficulty walking, and head tilting are common. Dogs may also experience loss of bowel control, behavior changes, and sudden blindness.

Diagnosis

You will need to seek medical assistance quickly if your dog displays some of these symptoms. Quick diagnosis and treatment goes a long way towards a complete recovery. Your dog will likely have a physical exam at first. If your dog has had a stroke, he will perform a CT scan or MRI to try to determine the cause. These two procedures require that your dog be anesthetized.

Treatment

Canine strokes are treated by determining the underlying medical condition and treated it if possible. Your dog shouldn’t experience anymore strokes if the underlying cause can be identified and treated. The damage done by a stroke is typically irreparable. Most dogs recover within a few weeks though. However, your dog may have certain behavioral changes after having one.

All owners should know a little something about various diseases that can affect their dog. You can read up on many different potential health problems at dog-illnesses.com.

A Look At Dog Strokes 

Strokes rarely occur in canines. They are brought on when blood flow to the brain is impaired. There are two types of strokes, namely hemorrhagic and schemic. Schemic strokes occur when blood flow is impeded for some reason. The hemorrhagic variety occur when a blood vessel breaks.

Causes

There are a variety of reasons why your dog can experience a stroke. Some occur because of severe trauma to the head, such as being hit by a car. This problem can also be caused by ingesting various toxins. Underlying medical conditions can also be to blame like Cushings disease in canines. Other common conditions include heart disease, diabetes, brain tumors, and dog kidney disease

Symptoms

Dogs experiencing a stroke display some of the same symptoms caused by other conditions. Constant circling, difficulty walking, and head tilting are common. Dogs may also experience loss of bowel control, behavior changes, and sudden blindness.

Diagnosis

You will need to seek medical assistance quickly if your dog displays some of these symptoms. Quick diagnosis and treatment goes a long way towards a complete recovery. Your dog will likely have a physical exam at first. If your dog has had a stroke, he will perform a CT scan or MRI to try to determine the cause. These two procedures require that your dog be anesthetized.

Treatment

Canine strokes are treated by determining the underlying medical condition and treated it if possible. Your dog shouldn’t experience anymore strokes if the underlying cause can be identified and treated. The damage done by a stroke is typically irreparable. Most dogs recover within a few weeks though. However, your dog may have certain behavioral changes after having one.

All owners should know a little something about various diseases that can affect their dog. You can read up on many different potential health problems at dog-illnesses.com.

Bladder Control

When your dog has a stroke, sometimes that causes them some trouble holding their urine in when they stand up from a laying position. You can get medicine to stop the leaking.

Check with your Veterinarian and they can give you a prescription and tell you how much to give them in one dose.

Also when your dog gets older, especially female, they have a harder time getting up.

There are prescriptions, and you can get doggie diapers to help with the leakage.

Hydrotherapy in Dogs

Reduces pain,inflammation, and increasing range of motion in your dog.

Massage Therapy

Does your dog seem tense and stiff? Maybe even a little crabby? If so, consider giving him a massage. A properly performed massage can help release pent up stress and negative energy, resulting in a calm and more peaceful pet.
The sensation of simple touch of the fur (skin) to the manipulation of muscles has

shown to enhance the human animal bond, and sometimes even establish it. For the inactive and older pet, as well for the young or working pet, the owner can provide a gentle comforting touch. This helps provide security and calmness and will aid in relieving stress. Be aware that at home massage is different than the massage done by a certified massage therapist. These trained people can provide a more thorough massage, incorporating a variety of techniques. But you can massage your dogs back, and shoulders ,and back leg joints, very lightly. Do Not ever give them a deep massage ! Each time you come in contact with your dog while petting them just give them a quick little massage. It’s also good to give them one before you leave them alone.

If you must keep your dog out side, you need use solar power heat in winter and a portable air-conditioner in the summer, The dog house needs to be under shade, with at least a fan blowing on them.

You will need to have the vet shave their bottom, because you will have to diaper them. The dog may not be able to get up on their own to go pottie.

  (more…)

Dog Ear Infections blog

Dog ear infections can become severe if left alone, and even cause other problems.  One common complication of dog ear infections is an aural haematoma.  An aural haematoma is like a big blood blister in the ear of a dog.  It often results from the dog scratching at its ears and shaking its head, as it does with an ear infection.  Sometimes, it occurs from another injury, and sometimes there isn’t an obvious cause.

Aural haematomas start off small, often only 1/4 of the ear.  They frequently grow, especially if the dog keeps shaking its head.  Aural haematomas are normally treated surgically under anaesthetic by removing the blood and stitching the two sides of the ear flap together.  WIthout these stitches, the blood would just fill the ear again.

Its very important to check the ears thoroughly and rule out an ear infection as if this isn’t treated properly there may be further complications.

This article on aural haematomas shows a good picture of a large haematoma on a dog.

Dog Vet

Aural haematomas in dogs – ears

An aural (ear) haematoma is a collection of blood or serum, and sometimes a blood clot within the pinna or ear flap. This blood collects under the skin and causes the ear flap to become thickened. The swelling may involve the entire ear flap or it may involve only a small area.

Normal Canine Ear

How does an aural haematoma occur?

Aural haematomas usually occur as a result of local irritation to some part of the ear. When something irritates the ear canal, a dog is likely to respond by scratching or shaking the head. Excessive shaking causes blood vessels to break, resulting in bleeding. An understanding of the ear’s anatomy makes the sequence of events more logical.

Understanding ear anatomy

The ear flap is composed of a layer of skin on each side of a layer of cartilage. The cartilage gives the ear flap its shape. Blood vessels go from side-to side by passing through the cartilage. Violent shaking causes the vessels to break as the skin slides across the cartilage.

How are aural haematomas treated?

The first aim of treatment is to drain the haematoma to relieve the pressure and pain associated with the build up of fluid within the ear flap. This is achieved under general anaesthesia where either a single incision or multiple small biopsy holes are made on the inner surface of the ear. The blood is drained and the ear flushed to remove any remaining blood clots. These holes are left open to allow continued drainage of fluid whilst waiting for the ear flap to heal.

Reattachment of the ear cartilage is encouraged with the use of multiple sutures placed through the ear flap (with or without the use of a support to maintain the normal architecture of the ear) and these sutures are left in place for 3 weeks. The specific method used will depend on the size, age and position of the haematoma.

The second major aspect of treatment is to work out why the haematoma formed in the first place. As mentioned, above, any reason that causes the dog to shake its head can result in the formation of an aural haematoma. Some things which can cause this include:

1. Grass seed or other foreign body lodged within the ear canal.


2. Ear infection.


3. Allergies resulting in an itchy ear, scratching and shaking head.


4. Fly bites to the tips of the ears.


5. Immune mediated disease.

It is essential that the cause of the problem be identified and treated if possible. If a foreign body is found, it is removed. If an ear infection is identified, the ear canal will be thoroughly cleaned during anaesthesia and appropriate medical ointments or medications will be dispensed.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to identify a cause, or it is difficult to manage the underlying cause (eg allergies). In these cases, another aural haematoma may form in the same ear or in the other ear and management may require long term medications.

Aural haematoma – showing swelling of the pinna

 

Once my dog is treated will I need to bring him/her back to the vet for further treatment?

The sutures will need to be removed 3 weeks after surgery. At this time, a haematoma is usually healed. If an infection is also being treated your veterinarian will also check to make sure that the infection is gone. It is vitally important that the infection is successfully treated to prevent further head shaking which may result in further haematomas.

What happens if your dog does not have surgery?

If a haematoma is left untreated the blood in the ear flap will separate into serum and a clot and will gradually be absorbed over a period of 10 days to 6 weeks. This is an uncomfortable time for your dog and unfortunately some scarring will take place during this process. It also causes a deformity of the ear flap resulting in a “cauliflower ear” which may cause further problems.

Do your dogs ears smell? Dog ear infections are very common and often the first sign is a smelly, itchy or red ear.  If the infection is worse, there is often pain and a discharge which may be foul smelling.  Learn how to identify these problems early and treat dog ear infections before they turn into something more serious.

Dog Vet

 

Dog ear infections most commonly start as infections of the outer ear, but if neglected they can spread into the middle and inner ear.  this often involves damage to the eardrum.  For this reason, its vital to get your vet to make sure the ear drum is intact before you consider using chemicals in the your dogs ears.  This article “Otitis externa, otitis media, and otitis interna   “  gives a good explanation of how a simple dog ear infection can turn into something much more serious.

Dog Vet

Otitis externa, otitis media, and otitis interna     
Ear infection, inflammation of the external ear canal, middle ear infection, inner ear infection Affected Animals 
Dogs and cats. Cocker spaniels and other long-eared or floppy-eared breeds may be more predisposed to developing infections.

Overview
An ear infection, or otitis, is an inflammation of the outer, middle, or inner ear canal. Most frequently, a dog will develop otitis in the outer ear that may worsen and spread into the middle ear. Once in the middle ear canal, the inflammation can move into the inner ear — or, in cases in which the otitis has originated in the middle ear, the infection can instead progress outward to the external ear.

Otitis can be caused by a tremendous array of factors, including fleas, excess liquid in the ear from swimming, autoimmune diseases, skin parasites, and excess wax production. Generally, dogs that develop ear infections have reddened ears that are painful to the touch and ooze a foul-smelling liquid. A punctured eardrum is not an uncommon result of a middle ear infection, and the more severe cases of otitis can lead to partial deafness, lack of balance, nausea and vomiting, and problems with the nerves of the eye.               Clinical Signs
Clinical signs can vary depending on the severity and location of the infection, but typical symptoms of otitis include pain and erythema of the pinna, head shaking and scratching of the ears, and purulent and malodorous exudate coming from the ear canal. The animal may tilt the affected ear downwards and may roll or lean to the affected side. If both sides are affected, the animal may be deaf or ataxic. Some animals may be nauseated, vomit, and have Horner’s syndrome. Any neurological clinical signs indicate significant middle ear or inner ear disease.  Symptoms
Ears that are red, painful to the touch, and produce a foul-smelling discharge are symptomatic of otitis. Typically, a dog with an ear infection will scratch and shake the ears or may tilt the affected ear downwards. Animals that are affected more severely may show some neurological signs such as rolling or leaning to one side. If both ears are affected, the animal may be deaf or off balance and uncoordinated. Some animals may be nauseated and vomit. Also, some dogs may get a condition called Horner’s syndrome in which the pupils are sized differently and the nictitating membrane is raised. This condition indicates that a nerve has been affected by the inflammation from the middle ear. Any neurological clinical signs indicate significant middle ear or inner ear disease.  Description
Typically, ear infections begin with otitis externa and then progress deeper into the canal to the middle ear. When the inflammation in this region of the ear is chronic, the eardrum may rupture and the infection may spread to the inner ear — or, the infection may begin in the middle ear and progress outward to the external ear. Of the three types of otitis, infections in the inner ear are often the most severe and can lead to partial deafness and neurological problems. In serious cases of otitis, the skin begins to form into folds in which the infection can become trapped, making cleaning and use of topical treatments very difficult. In addition, in cases of otitis interna, the skin will secrete more wax and debris that allows yeast and bacteria to overgrow, causing further disease. Severe inflammation leads to permanent skin thickening, mineralization, and narrowing of the ear canals. Once this occurs, the only viable treatment will be surgical removal of part or all of the ear canal.                 Diagnosis
The veterinarian will make a diagnosis based on the clinical signs, physical exam findings, and through the use of several other diagnostic tools. One such tool is cytology, which involves taking a swab of the ears and looking at the material collected under a microscope for the presence of bacteria, yeast, mites, and other substances that might cause an infection. Bacteria and yeast are normally present in low numbers in all dogs’ ears, but a large presence will lead to an ear infection. Skin biopsies may be needed to determine any diseases such as an autoimmune disorder that could cause a skin abnormality affecting the ear. Skin scrapings may be needed to detect mites, tiny parasites that can infect the ears and cause skin diseases. X-rays of the skull can be used to examine the middle and inner ear for signs of disease. In addition, cultures of an infected ear help determine the presence and type of bacteria, as well as antibiotics that are appropriate for treatment. The majority of animals with ear problems have such pain in their ears that they cannot withstand having them examined, cleaned, cultured, or x-rayed without the use of general anesthesia.              Prognosis
With proper treatment, otitis externa usually will resolve within three to four weeks, although it may recur in certain animals. The prognosis is good for otitis media and otitis interna since medical treatment usually is effective. The key for long-term success is correcting or treating the underlying problem that led to the development of the otitis.   Transmission or Cause
Possible causes of otitis externa, which may lead to infections of the middle and inner ear, include excess moisture in the ears due to swimming or bathing; inappropriate treatment or cleaning of the ears such as may be caused by the use of cotton-tipped applicators; excess wax production in the ears; an underlying disease; or a foreign body that is obstructing the ear canal. Additionally, otitis externa can be caused by a host of parasites, including ear mites, mange, fly bites, and fleas. Allergies and illnesses such as autoimmune diseases may also lead to otitis. The most common cause of the development of otitis media and otitis interna is a bacterial infection resulting from otitis externa.   Treatment
After the cause of the otitis has been diagnosed, the veterinarian usually will perform a thorough cleaning of the ear canals while the dog is under sedation or general anesthesia. The use of topical medications, which are placed into the ear canal, is often very beneficial in killing yeast, bacteria, and mites. Oral medications also may be used in conjunction with other treatments to help kill bacteria, yeast, and mites. The veterinarian will teach the dog’s owner how to clean and medicate the ears properly to ensure successful treatment of otitis. The surgical correction of the ear canals may be necessary in cases of severe infection. One type of surgery, called a lateral ear canal resection, allows the ear to drain more easily, decreases the amount of humidity in the ear, and makes topical treatments easier to apply. A total ear canal ablation — a complete removal of the ear canal — is performed on dogs with severe, chronic ear disease that is nonresponsive to medical therapy.            Prevention
Prevention is best accomplished when the veterinarian is able to determine the underlying factors that can lead to development of otitis. Proper cleaning of the ears is also critical. A veterinarian can explain how to clean the ears, as well as how to apply any medications that have been prescribed to treat the otitis.

Dog Ear Infections vary form mild to severe and have many causes.  To your average owner, these all look the same, but your vet has the skills, experience and equipment to locate the cause and assess the severity of the problem.

Morris Animal Hospital has a great web page showing just what infected, dirty, hairy and blocked ears look like inside.

Very interesting stuff.

Dog Vet

Dermatology and Diseases of the Ear 
Otoscope Case Examples

A normal canine eardrum.  The eardrum is located 3 inches deep in the canal in large dogs.  Note the eardrum (green) and the small amount of wax adhered to the normal tuft of hair that frequently grows next to the eardrum (red). Â	Excessive amounts of hair can be normal in breeds such as the Poodle and Bichon Frise.  Sometimes the hair causes moisture and wax to be retained in the canal causing an ear infection. Â	This large wax plug located deep in the ear canal of a cat caused a good deal of discomfort.  It was removed under anesthesia with the video otoscope. Â
This Labrador Retriever had severe bilateral otitis and was in excruciating pain.  Note the copious amounts of discharge and wax which was subsequently cleansed from the canal with the video otoscope. Â	Polyps are sometimes the cause of chronic ear infections. Note how this large polyp is completely obstructing the canal.  Polyps cannot be diagnosed and adequately treated until the canal has been thoroughly cleaned. Â	This older cocker spaniel has likely had ongoing infections for years.  Note the hemorrhage and inflammation.  This photo was taken after a tremendous amount of wax and debris were removed. Her ear drum is ruptured but she has taken her first step toward full recovery. Â
A young female German Shepard named “Heidi” with a diseased canal lining and ruptured ear drum.  She later had surgery to reroute her ear canal which helped prevent future infections & relieved her pain.	A springer spaniel with complete ear drum rupture & otitis media (middle ear infection).  Beyond the hair where the ear drum should be, the interior of the middle ear can be seen.  This dog needed antibiotics for 6 weeks to resolve her middle ear infection.	After extensive flushing and removal of debris, a normal ear drum is finally visualized in the depths of this ear canal.  The catheter being used in this photo is only 1.5 mm in diameter.  It is impossible to clean ear canals to this extent without the use of the video ototscope.

Dog ear infections commonly recur.  People often blame this on antibiotic resistance or problems with their vet, but the main causes are actually failure to ensure the ear is clean (and stays clean afterward) and failure by owners to put ear drops in the correct location.  The wikipedia article on dog ear infections has this useful image describing where to put ear drops when medicating your dogs ear.

Dog Vet

 

Dog ear infections are common, but there are many possible causes.  I love this article 8 Possible causes of dog ear infection because its simple, accurate, and straight to the point.

Dog Vet

From: http://hubpages.com/hub/Dog-Ear-Infection

Dog Ear Infection

8 Possible Causes Of Dog Ear Infection

Dog ear infection, otitis externa, is a condition of the inflammation of the outer ear canal.

It is a common condition in pets. An estimate of 20% of the dog population is affected by this ear problem.

The structure of a dog’s ear canal differs from human. Human has a horizontal ear canal. A dog has a L-shape ear canal. It is easy for ear wax and moisture to be trap in the vertical section of the dog’s ear canal. Often, the blockage leads to a dog ear infection.

There are many reasons for ear infection in dogs. Knowing the cause of the problem comes in handy when you want to help your dog to get better.

Here are 8 possible causes of dog ear infection:

• Floppy versus Erect Ears

Long floppy ears blowing in the wind makes a dog looks stylish and elegant. But those same floppy ears have a drawback. They block off light and reduce the air circulation within the ears.

Yeast and bacteria multiply quickly in a dark, moist and warm environment. The ear canal of a long, floppy-ear dog is the perfect place. Breeds like Basset Hound, Beagle and Cocker Spaniels often have this ear problem.

• Micro Organisms

Bacteria and yeast are one of the most common factors in dog ear infection.

The most common bacteria associated with ear infections are Staphylococcus Intermedius, Proteus Mirabilis, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Pseudomonas bacteria infections are very resistant and often notoriously difficult to control.

Malassezia Pachydermatis is the yeast found most frequently in association with ear infections. It can cause severe ear and skin infections.

A healthy dog has a balanced flora of yeast and bacteria in the ear canal. But when the ear environment changes due to excess moisture, allergies or hormone disorder, the yeast and bacteria multiply quickly and the ear becomes inflammed.

• Parasites

Ear mites cause intense itching to your dog. A dog’s ear that is infested with ear mites can have thousands of these tiny bugs crawling in the ear canal. As the mites feed and eat into the skin, the ear canal becomes sore and inflamed.

A dog trying to relieve the itch by scratching relentlessly, may cause further damage to the ear flaps.

• Allergies

Underlying allergies sometimes manifest as dog ear infection. A dog can have an allergic reaction to its food, something it inhales, or something it comes in contact with.

It is important to address the allergy in addition to the infection so as to minimize recurring ear inflammation.

• Foreign Bodies

Things that can get into your dog’s ear include insects, twigs, grass seeds, sand, water, pet’s fur … and the list goes on. The foreign object causes irritation. If it travels deeper into the ear, it can cause damage to the ear drum.

• Hematoma

Sometimes a ear infection leads to hematoma in a dog. A dog scratching and shaking its head vigourously to get rid of an itch can break the blood vessels in the ear flap causing bleeding. The ear flap becomes swollen as blood collects within the ear flap. This can be very uncomfortable for the dog.

• Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is the condition where one has inadequate active thyroid hormone. It is the most common hormone imbalance of dogs. Hypothyroidism generally develops in middle aged or elderly dogs.

An imbalance in the thyroid hormone can also lead to dog ear infection.

• Tumors

Ear tumors in dogs can be benign or malignant. They generally affect middle aged or older dogs. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the ear canal of dogs, especially cocker spaniels. Other tumors may include papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

Some tumors cause pain, ulceration, bleeding and secondary ear infections.

If your pet has dog ear infection, do you know what causes the ear problem?

It may be difficult for a pet guardian to accurately determine the cause of a dog ear infection. So it is advisable to bring your dog to the veterinarian. An otoscopic examination and some lab work would provide a diagnosis of the ear infection.

Once you know the cause of the dog ear infection, you or your vet would be able to apply the appropriate treatment options.

Ear infections in dogs range in severity from mild to severe.  This article on ear infections highlights why its so important to seek veterinary advice.  I’m sure if you have researched dog ear infections on the net you’ve seen a thousand and one articles on how antibiotics and ear drops don’t really work, actually all you really need is (insert folk remedy here… eg apple cider vinegar or a raw food diet).  

Actually, if caught early there are heaps of natural and easy ways to treat dog ear infections, but once most people get onto the internet, their dog is in serious pain and even danger, and squirting something from your kitchen into his ulcerated, bleeding, painful ear is the worst thing you could do.

As I make very clear, many of these dogs have severe pain and infection and need prescription medications you just can’t do at home.  Sadly, this is easily prevented but by and large its our own neglect and ignorance of our pets ears which lets this occur.  Learn how to prevent dog ear infections or read on to learn more about some of the complications of this common problem.

 

Dog Vet

 Otitis externa  Introduction 
Otitis externa, or inflammation of the external ear canal, is a common condition in dogs and cats. It is characterized by inflammation of the soft tissue components of the external ear canal and is particularly prevalent in dogs with long, floppy ears.    
Left: as demonstrated by the above ear-model, the ear canal has a vertical and a horizontal component. This predisposes the animal to ear infections as debris must work its way upward rather than straight out. 
Right: otitis externa with brown exudate  Anatomy of the ear 
The ear of the dog and the cat is composed of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. Together these components allow the animal to locate a sound and the direction from which it emanates, to orientate the head in relation to gravity and to measure acceleration and rotation of the head. 
Selective breeding, of dogs in particular, has resulted in a wide variation in relative size and shape of the components of the external ear. Compare, for example, the French Bulldog, the Cocker Spaniel, the German Sheperd Dog, the St. Bernard and the Persian cat. The pinnal shape and carriage, the diameter of the external ear canal, the degree of hair and amount of soft tissue within the external ear canal, and the shape of the skull within which the middle and inner ear lie vary from one breed to another.  The external ear canal 
An importrant difference between the tissues of healthy ears and infected ears is the appaerance and distribution of the glandular structures. In a healthy ear, sebaceous glands are usually numerous , large and actively secreting. In chronic otitis externa, they are less active and much smaller. The external ear canal may normally contain a small amount of wax that is yellowish-brown in color.  Signs of ear disease
Every day we see dogs and cats who have problems with their ears. Signs of these ear problems include: 
• Odor 
• Scratching or rubbing of ears and head 
• Discharge in the ears 
• Redness or swelling of the ear flap or canal 
• Shaking of the head or tilting it to one side 
• Pain around the ears 
• Changes in behavior such as depression or irritability  Causes of ear disease 
• Allergies such as atopy or food allergies 
• Parasites - ear mites. Adult mites are large, white and free-moving. the life cycle of the ear mite is three weeks. Mites are characterized by thick, reddish-brown or darkbrown exsudate and crusts in the ear. Ear mites are the single most frequent cause of otitis externa in the cat. Mites are highly contagious. 
• Bacteria and Yeast infections. Staphylococcus or Streptococcus (Gram-positive bacteria) infections are most frequently associated with acute otitis externa. There is a light-brown, creamy exudate. Gram-negative organisms (Proteus, Pseudomonas, E.Coli) are most frequently observed in chronic otitis externa or recurrent ear disease. There is a yellow exudate. Malassezia canis is a budding yeast: a brown, waxy adherent exudate. 
• Ticks. The spinous ear tick is found in the external ear canal of dogs and cats. The ear canal become packed with immature ticks. Treatment involves mechanical removal, spraying or dipping the coat with an insecticide. 
• Foreign bodies, e.g., plant awns 
• Trauma 
• Hormonal abnormalities, e.g., hypothyroidism 
• The ear environment, e.g., excess moisture and ear anatomy 
• Hereditary or immune conditions 
• Tumors  Treatment 
The first step in otitis externa is a thorough cleansing of the ear canal followed with irrigation of the canal with a warm antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine or betadine). A warm sterile solution should be used if there is any indication of ruptured membrane. 
Most topical ear medications are combinations containing one ore more antiparasitics, antibacterial, antimycotic, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, ceruminolytic and drying and cleaning agents. Oil or ointment bases help moisturize the skin and are effective in dry, scaly or crusty lesions. Solutions or lotions are most frequently used in exsudative ear lesions. 
Cotton applicator swabs can be used to clean the inside of the earflap and the part of the ear canal you can see. They should NOT be used farther down in the ear canal since that tends to pack debris in the ear canal, rather than removing it! 
Chronic otitis externa is usually associated with underlying skin conditions such as seborrhea, hypothyroidism or improperly or neglected ear disease.ar problems caused by a systemic disease such as a hormone abnormality or allergy must include a therapy that treats the whole dog, such as hormonal replacement or allergy testing and hyposensitization (immunotherapy).  Surgical treatment
Depending on the severity of the problem, the vertical canal may need to be opened surgically. This enables debris to be removed more effectively. This is done to prevent severe scarring after prolonged specific medical therapy has been ineffective. This procedure is called a lateral ear resection. There are several surgical techniques for this surgery. 
If the canal becomes so scarred that it is practically closed, ablation may be the final option. In this surgical procedure, the entire ear canal is removed and healthy tissue is allowed to grow in. This procedure is a last resort after severe infection has made effective medical treatment impossible. A specialist is called in for these cases and although surgery is expensive, dogs with chronic severe otitis usually require no further ear treatment for the rest of their lives.   
Aural hematoma 

Complication of ear disease: aural hematoma 
When a dog or cat with uncomfortable ears shakes and scratches vigorously, a blood vessel in the ear flap may rupture.  This leads to bleeding into the tissues of the pinna (see above illustration). The usual recommendation is to have the blood clots removed and the ear bandaged and cleaned under anesthesia. If the hematoma is not so big as to occlude the ear canal (thus preventing medication), the option to forgo surgery exists; but without surgery, the ear may scar down into an abnormal appearance.  Preventing ear disease
The key to healthy ears is to keep them clean. Check your cat’s and dog’s ears weekly. A slight amount of waxy buildup may be present in normal ears. If your dog swims a lot, has pendulous ears, or a history of ear disease, routine cleaning (often once to three times per week) is recommended. Use the same procedure as described above. Excess hair around the ear can be clipped to allow more air flow. Treat any underlying condition that predisposes your dog to ear problems. 
Remember, if your dog or cat is showing severe discomfort, the ears have a bad smell, or the ear canals look very abnormal, do not delay in contacting your veterinarian. If your dog has a ruptured or weakened eardrum, some ear cleansers and medications could do more harm than good. f

As I’ve discussed before, dog ear infections are largely preventable with the right attention and preventative treatment.

An important part of this is plucking the ears of dogs with very hairy ears.  Dogs with hairy ears include many dogs with long coats, such as Poodles, Shih-Tzus and Cocker Spaniels.  As a good general rule, if your dog needs to be clipped, their ears should be plucked at the time unless there is a good reason not to.

Good reasons include: 

• Ears aren’t very hairy


• Ears stay clean and smell good without plucking


• The weather is very cold: hair in ears keeps these structures warm


• Ears are sore or infected at the moment: in this case plucking should be done under sedation or anaesthesia, or deferred until the ears have been treated.  Plucking sore or infected ears can make things worse, and should only be done on the advice of a vet.

Plucking ears is usually very easy, and dogs tolerate it surprisingly well.

I think the key is only plucking hair from inside the ear canal, never the hair outside the canal (this seems to hurt more.  It can be clipped if required).  In most cases, just using your thumb and forefinger to tightly squeeze the hair and pluck out a pinch full works well.  This may need to be repeated 2-5 times.  Don’t overdo it, you can always do more tomorrow.  The ear doesn’t need to be bald, just thin the hair so the ear isn’t clogged up with hair and wax.

A good time to pluck your dogs ears is when they are relaxing on your lap or couch.

Check out this video for some more tips.

http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CD4QtwIwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D89IZfoZF93g&ei=gHfBTJG-GYe0vwOJ-fCnCA&usg=AFQjCNHIYFiEvx4IsnJoq1AKHBbBwGOvaA&sig2=RtcbWlJRJdbMxjeTRlb6cA

Dog Vet

Here is supporting article to the diagram in my recent post on ear shape as an influence on dog ear infections.

In general terms, if you can see down the ear without having to lift it up (and that also means not too much hair) then the ear will be less prone to infections.

Of course, thinks like allergies and other skin problems, swimming, dirt and grass seeds can all change this.

Dog Ear Types

By Paige

There are a variety of different ear shapes and sizes in the canine world. Here are some of the basics with brief descriptions and examples of breeds with each ear shape.

Bat Ear

Image from sarah…

Large in proportion to the head & upright.

Example of breeds with bat ears: Chihuahua & Cardigan Welsh Corgi

Blunt-Tipped or Round-Tipped Ears

Image from Stijn Hosdez

Large, upright ears with blunted or rounded tips.

Example of breeds with blunt-tipped ears: Chow Chow & French Bulldog

Button Ear

Image from Alicia Nijdam

A small semi-erect ear with a front flap that folds forward nearly to the skull obscuring most of the ear canal.

Example of breeds with button ears: Jack Russell Terrier & Fox Terrier

Candle Flame Ear

Image from huskypup

Specific ear type of the English Toy Terrier breed.

Cocked or Semi-Cropped or Semi-Prick Ear

Image from r4n

An upright prick ear that folds over slightly at the tip.

Examples of breeds with semiprick ears: Rough Collie & Pitbull

Cropped Ear

Image from sduffy

Created by surgically cropping them shortly after birth so they stand up straight. (This is cosmetic surgery)

Example of breeds often found with cropped ears: Doberman & Great Dane

Drop or Pendant Ear

Image from Contadini

Can be expressed in a variety of shapes & lengths and specifies only that the ear hang down from their junction with the side of the head.

Examples of breeds with drop ears: Basset Hound & Skye Terrier

Filbert-Shaped Ear

NATURAL EAR INFECTION TREATMENTS, REMEDIES FOR DOGS AND CATS

If you follow my blog you know I have two dogs. One of them has chronic ear infections caused by a suppressed immune system. I have always hated having to use one antibiotic after another.

Photo by Ottawa Valley Dog Whisperer

I ran across this blog by Ottawa Valley Dog Whisperer.  The writer offers several natural, herbal, homeopathic ear infection treatments for dogs and cats. There is even a list of herbs that can be added to food to help avoid infections. I saw a couple of ear flush recipes that I’m going to try.

As always, please consult your vet!

For instructions and recipes click here.

Dog Ear Infections

Dog ear infections have many different causes.  Ear mite infections in dogs are one common cause of dog ear infections.

Dog ear mites are tiny parasites (smaller than you can see) which cause itching and irritation in your dogs ear, causing these symptoms of dog ear infections.  Ear mites are easy to treat, but getting the correct diagnosis from a dog vet and rruling out other causes of ear infections like yeast infections and bacterial infections is vital.  Remember early diagnosis and treatment of dog ear infections is the key to preventing complications.

Dog ear vet

Read about ear mites below

Ear Mites in Dogs 

What are Ear Mites?

As the name suggests, ear mites are a tiny spider like parasitic mite that infect the ears of dogs and cats.  They usually live in the ear canals but can live on other parts of the dog or cat’s body. Ear mites are the most commoncause of ear infections seen by vets. They are more commonly found in cats than dogs but are a considerable cause of ear infection in dogs too.

Some breeds of dogs are more prone to ear mite infections that others, especially dogs with long floppy ears. The ear mites thrive in the warm moist area where the air flow is restricted.

Ear mites feed on epidermal debris & ear wax.  They burrow into the ear, causing inflammation which the body responds to by producing more wax. 

What are the Symptoms of Ear Mites in dogs?

Ear mites are terribly uncomfortable for your dog. Imagine how it would feel having thousands of little bugs running around in one of your most sensitive areas. Usually the first symptom you notice will be your dog scratching his ears or shaking his head due to the extreme itchiness that the mites cause. His ears may be painful to touch and he may cry in pain when you touch them or while he is scratching them. He may rub his face along the ground trying to relieve the itching. You may also notice a foul odor coming from the ears.

Dogs may cause damage by scratching causing the ears to bleed. They may also shake their ears with such intensity that small blood vessels are broken and hematomas form.

Diagnosis of Ear Mites

If you have a look inside the ear of an infected dog you will see dark reddish brown or black debris throughout the ear canal which has been described as looking like coffee grounds. Ear mites are visible to the naked eye and can be seen as white dots among the dark debris. You may even see them moving around.

Your vet will look in your dogs ear with a magnifying instrument called an otoscope and may inspect the debris from the ear under a microscope for a more definite diagnosis. Ear mite infections can be serious if left untreated resulting in damage to the ear canals and eardrums and leaving deformity of the ears and possible deafness.

Secondary bacterial or yeast infections are also common so it is important to consult your veterinarian. Your dog may require antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections.

Treatment of Ear Mites. How do I Get Rid Of Ear Mites?

You can purchase ear mite treatments from your pet supply store or your vet will prescribe an oily insecticide to clean the ear canals. It is important to clean out all the gunky black stuff from the ear canal daily. You can clean this with a thin cloth or cotton balls dipped in olive oil. (or any other vegetable oil) The medication should then be massaged deeply into the dog’s ear taking care to get into all the nooks and crannies of the ear canal.This treatment should be continued for 2 weeks after the dog seems to be cured to ensure that all ear mites are killed as they progress through their life-cycle. 

Revolution is another option. It is a Parasiticide that is applied to the skin of dogs six weeks of age and older.  Revolution is used to prevent heartworm disease, kills adult fleas and prevents flea eggs from hatching and treats and prevents ear mite infestation. It can be purchased from your vet, from a pet supply store and online.

Are Ear Mites Contagious?

Ear mites are very contagious and can be passed on from dog to dog or dog to cat so it is important to treat all of your pets at the same time.

Can Humans Catch Ear Mites?

No, humans are not affected by ear mites.

 

 

This article has not been written by a veterinarian & should not be considered a replacement for a veterinarian visit. The articles are provided for informative purposes only. While great care has been made in the creation of these articles, we cannot guarantee the accuracy or omissions on these pages. If in any doubt whatsoever, seek professional medical advice from your veterinarian.

5 Easy Methods to Cure Dog Ear Infection - Curing a Dog Ear Yeast Infection

5 Easy Methods to Cure Dog Ear Infection – Curing a Dog Ear Yeast Infection

A dog can be plagued with any type of infection on any area of the body, but usually yeast infection affects a dog’s ears more than any other part of the body. I guess it is because of how the ear is positioned; it is close to the head and if not properly cleaned can develop an infection.

Dogs that have floppy ears don’t get enough circulation and dogs that do not get enough sunlight are susceptible to dog ear yeast infection. Yeast is developed in areas that are moist and dark. If a dog has had a bath, the area behind the ears needs to be dried properly. Putting the dog out in the sunlight will help to dry behind the ears.

Look for any excessive scratching behind the ear and notice any type of redness, swelling or discharge as well as any unusual odor coming from the animal. These are some of the signs of dog ear yeast infection.

Taking your dog to the vet is the best possible reaction to these symptoms. However, some dog owners have found natural methods that work even faster than anything that the vet may prescribe for the animal.

5 Tips to Cure Dog Ear Infection 

So in cases where the problem still persists, you can opt for natural cure of a dog’s ear yeast infection.

Here are some options you might want to consider to cure dog ear yeast infection:

1.Change your dog’s diet to foods that will help to build up the immune systems. Dogs are pretty much like humans who get sicker when the immune system is low. Do not give your dog only the scraps from your leftovers to eat. There are different types of dog foods that target the immune system. Go to your local pet store to see what you can find. You can also give your dog Vitamin C and anything that will improve the health of your dog. 

2.As discussed before, make sure that your dog’s ear is clean and dry because yeast grows more when it is in a moist area. If you have a dog that has ears that stand up, it is easier to maintain because nature (sunlight) will dry it for you. However, if the dog has droopy ears, then more care needs to be taken to keep it clean and dry. Try to see if your dog will let you put a headband that pulls the ear forward so it can have a chance to dry properly. Do this when the dog is lying down. Trim any excessive hair growth behind the ears. Use diluted vinegar to wipe behind the ears. 

3.Stay away from giving your dog too much antibiotics. Antibiotics are a friend to yeast infection in both humans and animals. The body has a natural flora balance and the antibiotics disrupt the flow to cause yeast to grow. 

4.Use anti-microbial herbs, if possible, which you can get at your local health food store. Pau d’arco is a great natural anti-microbial that you can try. Check with your vet first.

5.Chorhexidine is a good substitute for prescription treatment as well as the ointment known as Cotramizole.

Your dog is depending on you to take care of its dog ear yeast infection.

October | 2010 | Dog Ear Infections blog

Here is supporting article to the diagram in my recent post on ear shape as an influence on dog ear infections.

In general terms, if you can see down the ear without having to lift it up (and that also means not too much hair) then the ear will be less prone to infections.

Of course, thinks like allergies and other skin problems, swimming, dirt and grass seeds can all change this.

Dog Ear Types

By Paige

There are a variety of different ear shapes and sizes in the canine world. Here are some of the basics with brief descriptions and examples of breeds with each ear shape.

Bat Ear

Image from sarah…

Large in proportion to the head & upright.

Example of breeds with bat ears: Chihuahua & Cardigan Welsh Corgi

Blunt-Tipped or Round-Tipped Ears

Image from Stijn Hosdez

Large, upright ears with blunted or rounded tips.

Example of breeds with blunt-tipped ears: Chow Chow & French Bulldog

Button Ear

Image from Alicia Nijdam

A small semi-erect ear with a front flap that folds forward nearly to the skull obscuring most of the ear canal.

Example of breeds with button ears: Jack Russell Terrier & Fox Terrier

Candle Flame Ear

Image from huskypup

Specific ear type of the English Toy Terrier breed.

Cocked or Semi-Cropped or Semi-Prick Ear

Image from r4n

An upright prick ear that folds over slightly at the tip.

Examples of breeds with semiprick ears: Rough Collie & Pitbull

Cropped Ear

Image from sduffy

Created by surgically cropping them shortly after birth so they stand up straight. (This is cosmetic surgery)

Example of breeds often found with cropped ears: Doberman & Great Dane

Drop or Pendant Ear

Image from Contadini

Can be expressed in a variety of shapes & lengths and specifies only that the ear hang down from their junction with the side of the head.

Examples of breeds with drop ears: Basset Hound & Skye Terrier

Filbert-Shaped Ear

Because dogs with lop or floppy ears are much more prone to ear infections than dogs with upright ears, its worth looking at the shape of your dogs ears when assessing their need for cleaning and attention (although all dogs ears need attention).  Its also worth considering a dogs ear shape when buying a dog, taking into account the climate you live in and their lifestyle.

This article has a great diagram of all the different dog ear shapes.

Dog Ear Shape Cheat Sheet

By Paige

*Click image for a larger view

Recently we did a post about the different ear shapes found in dog breeds, then decided to put together a cheat sheet for those who want to be able to identify ear shapes on the fly.

Feedback is always appreciated from those who know their ears. 

_______________

Great picture, isn’t it.  What shape are your dogs ears?

Dog Vet

While any dog can get an ear infection, these problems are much more common in some breeds than others.

Common predisposing factors include floppy ears, hairy ears, skin problems such as allergies, oily or dry skin, and dogs which swim

These include:

• Dogs with long, floppy ears: eg Cocker spaniels, Bassets, Beagles, Great danes, Weimeranas


• Dogs with hairy ear canals: eg Poodles, Shih-Tzus, Briards


• Dogs with allergies like atopy: West Highland White terriers and many other terriers, bull terriers, boxers


• Dogs which swim compulsively: eg Labrador retriever, newfoundland, Irish Water Spaniel

If you are in a humid climate, or the dog will live outside in hot weather, these breeds are even more sensitive.  In some cases eg. Cocker Spaniels, several of these factors combine (long floppy ears, hairy ears, allergies, swimming, scaly skin) to cause severe problems in many individuals.  make sure you check with your vet how to prevent these problems if you have a breed which is prone to these problems (or read on at Dog Ear Infections).

Dog Ear Vet

This video doesn’t feature any demos, but the vet gives a good description how to use smell and examination to identify an ear infection.  He also discusses common causes of ear infection.

http://www.youtube.com/v/uqX41anA890&hl=en&fs=1

Dog Ear Vet

This video gives great insight into the surprising shape of the dogs ear canal and explains why a vet visit is so important to rule out problems deep in the ear.  The ear cleaning demo is good too

http://www.youtube.com/v/4odbAlDRiz0&hl=en&fs=1

Dog Ear Vet

How to clean your dogs ears.

Ear infections are largely preventable.  I recommend cleaning your dogs ears after a bath or a swim or every 1-4 weeks, depending how dirty your dog’s ears get.

This is a fun video and suggests the use of Epi-Otic, my preferred ear cleaning solution.  One thing I like about this video is the emphasis on making the whole experience positive for the dog.

Welcome to WordPress.com. This is your first post. Edit or delete it and start blogging!